Stave pipes have the advantage that they are easily transported as a compact pile of parts on a wagon and then assembled as a hollow structure at the job site. Later wooden pipes were constructed with staves and hoops similar to wooden barrel construction. Mykolayiv Regional Museum of Local HistoryĮarly wooden pipes were constructed out of logs that had a large hole bored lengthwise through the center. History Ukraine, Olbia, elements of water pipes, the beginning of our era. HDPE pipe, PE-X pipe, PP-R pipe or LDPE pipe. ASTM A252 Spec Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3 Steel Pile Pipe.Materials that are used for manufacturing pipes include: The material with which a pipe is manufactured often forms as the basis for choosing any pipe. Steel structures will have areas of high stress that may be caused by sharp corners in the design, or inclusions in the material. In cryogenic pipe supports, most steel become more brittle as the temperature decreases from normal operating conditions, so it is necessary to know the temperature distribution for cryogenic conditions. This evaluation is usually performed with the assistance of a specialized ( finite element) pipe stress analysis computer programs such as AutoPIPE, CAEPIPE, CAESAR, PASS/START-PROF, or ROHR2. It is necessary to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the piping under regular loads (internal pressure and thermal stresses) as well under occasional and intermittent loading cases such as earthquake, high wind or special vibration, and water hammer. Process piping and power piping are typically checked by pipe stress engineers to verify that the routing, nozzle loads, hangers, and supports are properly placed and selected such that allowable pipe stress is not exceeded under different loads such as sustained loads, operating loads, pressure testing loads, etc., as stipulated by the ASME B31, EN 13480, GOST 32388, RD 10-249 or any other applicable codes and standards. Generally, industrial piping engineering has three major sub-fields: Some of the more exotic materials used in pipe construction are Inconel, titanium, chrome-moly and various other steel alloys. Piping also has many other industrial applications, which are crucial for moving raw and semi-processed fluids for refining into more useful products. Fire sprinkler systems also use piping, and may transport nonpotable or potable water, or other fire-suppression fluids. Plumbing pipes also remove waste in the form of sewage, and allow venting of sewage gases to the outdoors. Plumbing is a piping system with which most people are familiar, as it constitutes the form of fluid transportation that is used to provide potable water and fuels to their homes and businesses. In earlier days, this was sometimes called drafting, technical drawing, engineering drawing, and design, but is today commonly performed by designers that have learned to use automated computer-aided drawing or computer-aided design (CAD) software. Piping sometimes refers to piping design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the tube cleaning process. Piping systems are documented in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). The in-line components, known as fittings, valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of piping design (or piping engineering), though the sensors and automatic controlling devices may alternatively be treated as part of instrumentation and control design. Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, steel, aluminum, plastic, copper, and concrete. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid. Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids ( liquids and gases) from one location to another. Large-scale piping system in an HVAC mechanical room For the textile ornament, see Piping (sewing).
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